{"id":5090,"date":"2021-10-19T12:56:44","date_gmt":"2021-10-19T12:56:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/26-dakar-urban-groynes-to-reinvent-the-yoff-coast\/"},"modified":"2023-11-22T09:27:43","modified_gmt":"2023-11-22T09:27:43","slug":"26-dakar-urban-groynes-to-reinvent-the-yoff-coast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/en\/26-dakar-urban-groynes-to-reinvent-the-yoff-coast\/","title":{"rendered":"# 26 Dakar &#8211; &#8220;Urban groynes to reinvent the Yoff coast&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5090\" class=\"elementor elementor-5090 elementor-2467\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-27fbaafc elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27fbaafc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;6e384e9&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2933cd93\" data-id=\"2933cd93\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-37a941f elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"37a941f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;8ae72a5&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-71c8f96\" data-id=\"71c8f96\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc2e0dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc2e0dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>item (s):<br \/>hazards) :<br \/>risk (s):<br \/>land address:<br \/>gestures and notions of transformation:<br \/>author (s):<\/p>\n<p>year of diploma:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd0f017\" data-id=\"fd0f017\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-689d5bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"689d5bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>WATER + SOIL<\/strong><br \/><strong>Erosion<\/strong><br \/><strong>Soil loss<\/strong><br \/><strong>Dakar | SENEGAL<\/strong><br \/><strong>Rethink the homogeneous infrastructure and initiate multifunctional and heterogeneous responses + Reduce intensity and coexist | The routes + Commitment with nature<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:boughzoumehdi@gmail.com\"><strong>Mohamed Mehdi BOUGHZOU<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-054332c elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"054332c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;85f7afd&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8722fea\" data-id=\"8722fea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce2f1c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce2f1c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>item (s):<br \/>hazards) :<br \/>risk (s):<br \/>land address:<br \/>gestures and notions of transformation:<\/p>\n<p>author (s):<\/p>\n<p>year of diploma:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-359318f\" data-id=\"359318f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c91b98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c91b98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>WATER + SOIL<\/strong><br \/><strong>Erosion<\/strong><br \/><strong>Soil loss<\/strong><br \/><strong>Dakar | SENEGAL<\/strong><br \/><strong>Rethink the homogeneous infrastructure and initiate multifunctional and heterogeneous responses + Reduce intensity and coexist | The routes + Commitment with nature<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:boughzoumehdi@gmail.com\"><strong>Mohamed Mehdi BOUGHZOU<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-47676af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"47676af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;a561d55&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6dfb3a\" data-id=\"a6dfb3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62d8c2b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"62d8c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709ccd82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"709ccd82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"Urban groynes to reinvent the Yoff coast\"<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3660e92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3660e92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-sheets-value=\"{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"L\u2019\u00e9rosion c\u00f4ti\u00e8re est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne plan\u00e9taire, elle touche de nombreux pays dans le monde en mena\u00e7ant \u00e0 la fois la population et plusieurs secteurs de l\u2019\u00e9conomie tels que le tourisme et la p\u00eache. Le projet consiste \u00e0 prendre en compte le risque naturel d\u2019\u00e9rosion dans un site \u00e0 forte pression fonci\u00e8re abritant une population socialement fragile. Une partie du littoral soumise au risque sera trait\u00e9e en consid\u00e9rant l\u2019a\u00e9roport comme une possible zone de repli. Le projet se situe sur la c\u00f4te sableuse et s\u2019inscrit dans une strat\u00e9gie de recul progressif afin de s\u2019adapter \u00e0 l\u2019avanc\u00e9e de la mer. Quel avenir pour un projet de r\u00e9habilitation et d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un p\u00f4le de p\u00eache d\u00e9j\u00e0 existant ?\"}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{\"2\":14785,\"3\":{\"1\":0,\"3\":1},\"9\":0,\"10\":1,\"11\":4,\"14\":{\"1\":3,\"3\":1},\"15\":\"Calibri\",\"16\":11}\">Coastal erosion is a global phenomenon, it affects many countries around the world threatening both the population and several sectors of the economy such as tourism and fishing. The project consists of taking into account the natural risk of erosion in a site with high land pressure, sheltering a socially fragile population. Part of the coastline subject to risk will be treated by considering the airport as a possible fallback area. The project is located on the sandy coast and is part of a strategy of gradual decline in order to adapt to the advance of the sea. What future for a project to rehabilitate and develop an already existing fishing pole?    <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0529f7c\" data-id=\"0529f7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-562a541 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"562a541\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">#Inhabited environment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-538b270 gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"538b270\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"538b270\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"#26 Dakar-Milieu habite\u0301\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjIyNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzExXC8yNi1EYWthci1NaWxpZXUtaGFiaXRlLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI1MzhiMjcwIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/26-Dakar-Milieu-habite-scaled.jpg'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1086\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/26-Dakar-Milieu-habite-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/26-Dakar-Milieu-habite-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/26-Dakar-Milieu-habite-300x127.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/26-Dakar-Milieu-habite-768x326.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/26-Dakar-Milieu-habite-1536x652.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/26-Dakar-Milieu-habite-2048x869.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739d0ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"739d0ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"># Hazards and risks<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffd643e gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"ffd643e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ffd643e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"# 26 Dakar-CARTO\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDU3NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA0XC8yNi1EYWthci1DQVJUTy1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZmZkNjQzZSJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-CARTO-scaled.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2055\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-CARTO-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ffd643e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"# 26 Dakar-CATA\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDU3NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA0XC8yNi1EYWthci1DQVRBLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJmZmQ2NDNlIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-CATA-scaled.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-CATA-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83c15fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"83c15fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">#Project on hypothesis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac55ebd gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"ac55ebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ac55ebd\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"# 26 Dakar-MAQ\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDU3NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA0XC8yNi1EYWthci1NQVEuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYWM1NWViZCJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2016\" height=\"1512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ.jpg 2016w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2016px) 100vw, 2016px\" \/><\/a>\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ac55ebd\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"# 26 Dakar-MAQ2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDU3OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA0XC8yNi1EYWthci1NQVEyLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImFjNTVlYmQifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ2.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2016\" height=\"1439\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ2.jpg 2016w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ2-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ2-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ2-1536x1096.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2016px) 100vw, 2016px\" \/><\/a>\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ac55ebd\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"# 26 Dakar-MAQ3\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDU3OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA0XC8yNi1EYWthci1NQVEzLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImFjNTVlYmQifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ3.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1658\" height=\"1392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ3.jpg 1658w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ3-300x252.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ3-768x645.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ3-1536x1290.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1658px) 100vw, 1658px\" \/><\/a>\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ac55ebd\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"# 26 Dakar-MAQ4\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDU4MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA0XC8yNi1EYWthci1NQVE0LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImFjNTVlYmQifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ4.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2016\" height=\"1474\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ4.jpg 2016w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ4-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ4-768x562.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ4-1536x1123.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2016px) 100vw, 2016px\" \/><\/a>\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ac55ebd\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"# 26 Dakar-MAQ5\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDU4MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA0XC8yNi1EYWthci1NQVE1LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImFjNTVlYmQifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ5.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2016\" height=\"1512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ5.jpg 2016w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ5-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ5-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ5-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2016px) 100vw, 2016px\" \/><\/a>\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ac55ebd\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"# 26 Dakar-MAQ6\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDU4MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA0XC8yNi1EYWthci1NQVE2LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImFjNTVlYmQifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ6.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1933\" height=\"1215\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ6.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ6.jpg 1933w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ6-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ6-768x483.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-MAQ6-1536x965.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1933px) 100vw, 1933px\" \/><\/a>\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ac55ebd\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"# 26 Dakar-PLANCHE\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDU4MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA0XC8yNi1EYWthci1QTEFOQ0hFLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJhYzU1ZWJkIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-PLANCHE-scaled.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1606\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-PLANCHE-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ac55ebd\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"# 26 Dakar-STRAT\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDU4NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hdGxhcy1kZXMtYWJyaXMtb3V2ZXJ0cy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA0XC8yNi1EYWthci1TVFJBVC1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYWM1NWViZCJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-STRAT-scaled.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"372\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atlas-des-abris-ouverts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/26-Dakar-STRAT-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>item (s):hazards) :risk (s):land address:gestures and notions of transformation:author (s): year of diploma: WATER + SOILErosionSoil lossDakar | SENEGALRethink the homogeneous infrastructure and initiate multifunctional and heterogeneous responses + Reduce intensity and coexist | The routes + Commitment with nature Mohamed Mehdi BOUGHZOU 2017 item (s):hazards) :risk (s):land address:gestures and notions of transformation: author (s): [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[141,194,145,213,197,140],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2017-en","category-erosion-en","category-ground","category-senegal-en","category-soil-loss","category-water","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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